Leonard Sands, global business line director for Land Site Characterisation at Fugro, and Dr Rod Eddies, solution director for Land Site Characterisation at Fugro, discuss current trends and challenges with the use of subsurface geo-data in energy and civil engineering projects. They also consider how site screening and non-intrusive techniques and provide early identification of subsurface geo-risks by increasing certainty in FID and mitigating project leakage in schedule and costs.